La Science du Cerveau – 23 septembre 2021 à Nice

Journée organisée par les chapitres français I&M, EMB et Sensors d’IEEE

Parmi les intervenants, notons la participation de deux « Distinguished Lecturers » d’IEEE, Michela Chiappalone (EMBS) et Eros Pasero (IMS).

Toutes les informations pratiques, ainsi que le programme complet, vous seront envoyées à la fin du mois d’août.

Michela Chiappalone de l’université de Gènes

Michela Chiappalone’s research interests are in the field of Neuroengineering. She obtained a PhD in Electronic Engineering and Computer Science from University of Genova (Italy) in 2003. In 2002 she has been visiting scholar at the Dept of Physiology, Northwestern University (Chicago, IL, USA). After a Post Doc at the University of Genova, in 2007 she joined the Neuroscience and Brain Technologies Dept at the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) as a Post Doc. In 2013 she got a group leader position (‘Researcher’) in the same Institution. In 2015 she has been visiting Professor at KUMED (Kansas City, KS, USA), hosted by Prof. R.J. Nudo. From 2012 to 2015 M. Chiappalone has been Coordinator of the FET Open European Project BrainBow, judged excellent. In 2017, M. Chiappalone joined the Rehab Technologies IIT-INAIL Joint Lab of IIT to coordinate the Neuroengineering group aimed at interfacing robotic devices with the nervous system for applications in neurorehabilitation. In 2018 she got the national scientific habilitation as Full Professor of Bioengineering. Since March 2021 she has been appointed as Associate Professor of Bioengineering from University of Genova, Italy, where she leads a group working on Neuroengineering following a translational methodology starting from in vivo up to human studies. She authored 70 Journal publications, more than 50 peer-reviewed Conferences contributions and she gave more than 70 scientific talks at International/National Conferences and Research Institutions. She is also Editor of 2 Books.

Neuroengineering solutions for restoring brain functions

Neuroengineering is a multidisciplinary field at the boundaries between neuroscience and engineering. Its primary goal consists of developing instruments which allow a dialogue with a neuronal system, with a twofold perspective: i) to deepen the knowledge on the functioning of the nervous system; ii) to develop systems able to restore functions in case of disability. In our research, we exploit Neuroengineering approaches with the final goal of developing innovative technologies either for ‘replacing’ (i.e. neuroprosthetics for the brain) or for ‘retraining’ (i.e. targeted neuromodulation) brain functions in case of neurological disorders. The results from two projects, related to the topics introduced above, will be presented: (i) restoration of the communication between damaged neuronal assemblies in vitro; (ii) closed-loop paradigms aimed at promoting Hebbian plasticity to repair brain functionality in vivo. Further developments and applications in the fields of neurorehabilitation and neurorobotics in humans will be briefly introduced and discussed.

Eros Pasero de l’Ecole Polytechnique de Turin

Eros G. Pasero is Professor of Electronics at the Politecnico of Turin since 1991 after a four year appointment as Professor at the University of Roma, Electronics Engineering. He was also Visiting Professor at ICSI, UC Berkeley, CA in 1991, Professor of digital electronics and electronic systems at Tongji University, Shanghai, China in 2011, 2015 and 2017, and Professor of digital electronics and electronic systems at TTPU (Turin Tashkent Politechnic University), Tashkent, Uzbekistan since 2012 to 2014 where he was also vice rector in the first period of 2014.

Prof. Pasero established in 1990 the Neuronica Lab where hardware and software neurons and synapses are studied practical applications; innovative wired and wireless sensors are also developed for biomedical, environmental, and automotive applications. Data coming from sensors are post processed by means of artificial neural networks.

Prof. Pasero is now the President of SIREN, the Italian Society for Neural Networks; he was v. General Chairman of IJCNN2000 in Como, General Chairman of SIRWEC2006 in Turin, general Chairman of WIRN2015, WIRN2016 and WIRN2017, WIRN 2018 and WIRN 2019 in Vietri. He holds 6 international patents (two were the first silicon European neurons and synapse together Texas Instruments). He was supervisor of tenths of international Ph.D and hundredths of Master students and he is author of more than 100 international publications.

Together his group he was awarded with the 1982 CILEA-Sperry award for complex application systems and local distributed architecture”, with the ASSIPE Design-In-Award in 2003 and 2004, with premio « Innova S@alute2017 » at the “forum dell’innovazione per la salute” on September 2017; he was IEEE key note speaker at 2014 Symposium series on Computational Intelligence in Orlando, Fl, USA; Distinguished Lecturer of the 2016 IEEE Medical Information Summer School, Distinguished Lecturer of the 2017 IEEE school « Smarter Engineering for Industry 4.0 »

Medicine 4.0: AI and IOT, the new revolution

Industry 4.0 is considered the great revolution of the past few years. New technologies, the Internet of things, the possibility to monitor everything from everywhere changed both plants and the approaches to the industrial production. Medicine is considered a slowly changing discipline. The human body model is a difficult concept to develop. But we can identify some passages in which medicine can be compared to industry. Four major changes revolutionized medicine:

Medicine 1.0: James Watson and Francis Crick described the structure of DNA. This was the beginning of research in the field of molecular and cellular biology

Medicine 2.0: Sequencing the Human genome. This discovery made it possible to find the origin of the diseases.

Medicine 3.0: The convergence of biology and engineering. Now the biologist’s experience can be combined with the technology of the engineers. New approaches to new forms of analysis can be used.

Medicine 4.0: Digitalization of Medicine: IOT devices and techniques, AI to perform analyses, Machine Learning for diagnoses, Brain Computer Interface, Smart wearable sensors.

Medicine 4.0 is definitely a great revolution in the patient care. New horizons are possible today. Covid 19 has highlighted problems that have existed for a long time. Relocation of services, which means remote monitoring, remote diagnoses without direct contact between the doctor and the patient. Hospitals are freed from routine tests that could be performed by patients at home and reported by doctors on the internet. Potential dangerous conditions can be prevented. During the Covid emergency everybody can check his condition and ask for a medical visit (swab) only when really necessary. This is true telemedicine. This is not a whatsapp where an elder tries to chat with a doctor. This is a smart device able to measure objective vital parameters and send to a health care center. Of course Medicine 4.0 requires new technologies for smart sensors. These devices need to be very easy to use, fast, reliable and low cost. They must be accepted by both people and doctors.

In this talk we’ll see together the meaning of telemedicine and E-Health. E-health is the key to allowing people to self monitor their vital signals. Some devices already exist but a new approach will allow to everybody (especially older people with cognitive difficulties) to use these systems with a friendly approach. Telemedicine will be the new approach to the concept of hospital. A virtual hospital, without any physical contact but with an objective measurement of every parameter. A final remote discussion between the doctor and the patient is still required to feel comfortable. But the doctor will have all the vital signal recorded to allow him to make a diagnosis based on reliable data.

Another important aspect of medicine 4.0 is the possibility of using AI both to perform parameter measurement and to manage the monitoring of multiple patients. The new image processing based on Artificial Neural Networks allows doctors to have a better and faster analysis. But AI algorithms are also able to manage intensive care rooms with several patients reducing the number of doctors involved in the global monitoring of the situation.